Chemical and Biological Sensors rely on a highly efficient selective, sensitive, and rapid response from sensing elements that are fixed to a well-designed transduction mechanism. The ability to prepare field devices are significant for applications that require wide dissemination or data collection. The objective of this work is to fabricate and characterize a colloidal particle templated sensing element for chemical and biological sensors based on arrayed polymer colloidal particles which facilitate the creation of a high surface area sensing element. Together with the application of electropolymerization methods in molecular imprinting polymerization (MIP) it is possible to fabricate highly selective, sensitive, and perhaps rapid response sensors. Detection/transduction can be done on a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) set-up. Several key innovations in this disclosure include: a) use of MIP to template many types of analytes in a lock-key mechanism. b) use of electropolymerization methods and crosslinking to fix the sensing element on the electrode transducer surface such as Au-coated glass or ITO, c) use of the colloidal particles to template a very high surface area and controlled morphology of the sensing element, d) use of the electrochemical method to change the surface dielectric properties and wetting properties which is important for reversibility and washing, and e) use of combined electrochemical and optical/acoustic methods for sending. These films also have the potential for use as smart coatings for display devices, touch panel displays, and other surface sensitive stimuli-response coatings. The coating also has the property for introducing conducting polymer materials with very low or very high wettability depending on the amount of voltage that is put in. It may also have some biomedical device and biotechnology applications. This stems from the fact that the surface can be artificially made hydrophobic or hydrophilic repelling protein or cell adhesion in a controlled manner. The films and sensors should have a variety of applications for materials, industrial, and civilian home defense monitoring.