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Billy  Hawkins

Billy Hawkins, Ph.D.

Professor

Office Number: 104W GAR
Phone: 713.743.9718
Fax: 713.743.9860

Email: hjbilly@Central.UH.EDU

Mailing Address:
3875 Holman St., Rm 104 Garrison
Houston, TX 77204-6015

Download Curriculum Vitae

Research Interests

Dr. Hawkins is a professor at the University of Houston in the department of Health and Human Performance. He is the author of The New Plantation: Black Athletes, College Sports, and Predominantly White NCAA Institutions; and co-author of Sport, Race, Activism, and Social Change: The Impact of Dr. Harry Edwards’ Scholarship and Service, The Athletic Experience at Historically Black Colleges and Universities: Past, Present, and Persistence, and Critical Race Theory: Black Athletic Sporting Experiences in the United States. His teaching and research contributions are in the areas of sociology of sport and cultural studies, sport management, and sport for development.

He has published in several peer-reviewed journals, as well as, presented to learned societies in the area of sport studies (including sport management, sport history, and sport sociology). He is a North American Society for the Sociology of Sport Research Fellow and the Robert Maynard Hutchins Award recipient for his research on college athletics. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Iowa in Sport and Cultural Studies; a Master’s of Science Degree in Human Performance from the University of Wisconsin at La Crosse, and a Bachelor of Science in Business Administration from Webber International University.

Recent Publications and Research Activity

Books authored


Ogunrinde, J. & Hawkins, B. J. (2019). An Introduction to the Sociology of Sport and Physical Activity. Dubuque, IA: Kendall Hunt Publishing Company.

Castenell, L., Grantham, T., & Hawkins, B. J. (2018) Recruiting, Retaining, and Engaging African- American Males at Select Public Research Universities: Challenges and Opportunities in Academics and Sports. Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing.

Hawkins, B. J., Carter-Francique, A. R. & Cooper, J. N. (2017). Critical Race Theory and American Sport. New York: Palgrave MacMillan Press.

Hawkins, B. J., Cooper, J. N., Carter-Francique, A., & Cavil, J. K. (2015). The Athletic Experience at Historically Black Colleges and Universities: Past, Present, and Persistence. Lanham, MD: Rowan and Littlefield.

Polite, F. G. & Hawkins, B. J. (Eds.) (2011). Sport, Race, Activism, and Social Change: The Impact of Dr. Harry Edwards’ Scholarship and Service. San Diego, CA: Cognella Academic Publishers.

Hawkins, B. J. (2010). The New Plantation: Black Athletes, College Sports, and Predominantly White NCAA Institutions. New York: Palgrave MacMillan Press.

Hawkins, B. J. (2001). The New Plantation: The Internal Colonization of Black Student Athletes on Predominantly White NCAA Institutions. Winterville, GA: Sadiki Press.

Invited, Peer-Reviewed Book Chapters


Rich, G., Hall, J. N., & Hawkins, B. J. (2019). Conceptual distinctions in general and local sponsorship objectives: A qualitative inquiry. In J. J. Zhang & B. G. Pitts, B. G. (Eds.), Contemporary Issues in Global Sport Business: Management, Marketing, and Cultural Perspectives (pp. 261-297). London, UK: Routledge.

Hawkins, B. J. (2018). The intersection of race and sport: The Black athletic Sporting Experiences in the U.S. In R. Pringle, H. Larson, & G. Gerdin (Eds), Critical Research in Sport, Health, and Physical Education: How to Make a Difference. pp. 64-77. New York, NY: Routledge Press.

Carter-Francique, A. R., Hawkins, B. J. & Crowley, C. L., (2018). Measuring African American female college athletes’ athletic identity to determine support service needs. In J. L. Conyers (Ed.), Africana Methodology: A Social Study of Research, Triangulation and Meta-Theory, pp. 227-266. New Castle, UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.

Hawkins, B. J. & Nwadike, A. C. (2018). College athletics: Access and opportunity for Black male athletes at selective research universities. In L. Castenell, T. Grantham, & B. J. Hawkins (Eds.), Recruiting, Retaining, and Engaging African-American Males at Select Public Research Universities: Challenges and Opportunities in Academics and Sports, pp. 99-116. Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing.

Hawkins, B. J. (2017). Interest convergence: A revolutionary theory for athletic reform. In B. Hawkins, A. R. Carter-Francique, & J. N. Cooper. Critical Race Theory and American Sport, pp. 57-84. New York: Palgrave MacMillan Press.

Cooper, J. N., & Hawkins, B. J. (2015). Athletic migration experiences of Black athletes. In B. Hawkins, J. N. Cooper, A. R. Carter-Francique, and J. K. Cavil (Eds.) The Athletic Experience at Historically Black Colleges and Universities: Past, Present, and Persistence, pp. 107-126. Lanham, MD: Rowan & Littlefield Press.

Hawkins, B. J., Baker, A., & Boteva, V. (2015). Intercollegiate Athletics and Amateurism. In E. Comeaux (Ed.) Introduction to Intercollegiate Athletics in American Higher Education, pp. 312-325. Baltimore, MD: John Hopkins University Press.

Hawkins, B. J., Cooper, J. N., & Baker, A (2014). The modern day Black sporting experience: A dialogue on race In J. L Conyers, Jr. (Ed). Race in American Sports Essays, pp. 21-34. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, Inc. Publishers.

Hawkins, B. J. & Cooper, J. N. (2013). Gifted Black male athletes’ intercollegiate experiences negate the dumb Black jock syndrome. In T. Grantham, M. F. T. Scott, & D Harmon (Eds.). Young, Triumphant, and Black, pp 175-186. Waco, TX: Prufrock Press.

Hawkins, B. J. (2012). Youth sports in the United States: From patriotism to capitalism In A. Krüger and A. Hofmann (Eds.). Buchprojekt: Sport(strukturen) in den USA, pp. 35-41. New York: Münster.

Tuff, R. & Hawkins, B. J. (2011). Promoting physical activity in Black children and adolescents: Intervention strategies health practitioners have put into play. In A. Lemelle, W. Reed, & S. Taylor (Eds) Handbook of African American: Social and Behavioral Interventions, pp. 61-76. New York: Springer.

Carter, A. R. & Hawkins, B. J. (2011). Coping and the African American female collegiate athlete. In K. Hylton, A. Pilkington, P. Warmington, & S. Housee (Eds) Atlantic Crossings: International Dialogues on Critical Race Theory, pp. 61-92. University of Birmingham, Birmingham: Sociology, Anthropology, Politics (C-SAP), The Higher Education Academy Network Publishers.

Hawkins, B. J. (2010). Examining the portrayal of the Black male athletes in a leading sport magazine advertisements. In G. Sailes (Ed) Modern Sport and the African American Experience, pp. 69-86. San Diego, CA: Cognella Academic Publishing.

Hawkins, B. J. (2009). Black athletes and higher education in K. Lomotey (Ed). Encyclopedia of African American Education Vol 1, pp. 166-169. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publication.

Hawkins, B. J. (2009). Interscholastic sports in the United States and the African American experience: From Patriotism to Athletic Capitalism in K. Lomotey (Ed). Encyclopedia of African American Education, Vol 1, pp. 317-321. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publication.

Hawkins, B. J. (2008). Athletics and higher education in N.J. Salkind (Ed.). Encyclopedia of African American Education, Vol 1, pp. 69-73. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publication.

Hawkins, B. J. (2008). Sport: A contested terrain for Whiteness and racial equality. In M. Lomax (Ed.), Sports and the Racial Divide: African American and Latino Experience in an Era of Change (pp. 196-208). Jackson, MS: University of Mississippi Press.

Hawkins, B. J., Milan-Williams, B., & Carter, A. R. (2007). From glory to glory: The transition of African American athletes from college sports into athletic retirement. In R. Althouse and D. Brooks (Eds.), Diversity and Social Justice in College Sports: Sports Management and the College Athlete (pp. 95-114). Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology.

Hawkins, B. J. (2003). Richard “Dick” Bass. In D. K. Wiggins (Ed.), Historical Dictionary of African Americans in Sport. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, Inc.

Hawkins, B. J. (2003). Mel Blount. In D. K. Wiggins (Ed.), Historical Dictionary of African Americans in Sport. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, Inc.

Hawkins, B. J. (2003). Walt Bellamy. In D. K. Wiggins (Ed.), Historical Dictionary of African Americans in Sport. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, Inc.

Hawkins, B. J. (2003). Roosevelt Brown. In D. K. Wiggins (Ed.), Historical Dictionary of African Americans in Sport. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, Inc.

Hawkins, B. J. (1999). A critical reading of Promise Keepers' events: Intersecting themes of race and religion. In D. S. Claussen (Ed.), The Promise Keepers: Essays on Masculinity and Christianity (pp. 182-193). Jefferson, NC: MacFarland & Company Inc.

Hawkins, B. J. (1998). The dominant images of Black men in America: The O. J. Simpson example. In G. Sailes (Ed.), Contemporary Themes: African Americans in Sports (pp. 39-52). New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction Publishers.

Peer-Reviewed Journal Articles


Lee, M., Lee, D., Cottingham, M., Hawkins, B., & Yu, H. Y. (2019). Sport Brand Extension Evaluation: The Role of Brand Extension Authenticity. International Journal of Sport Management, 20(2), 125-149.

Yu, H. Y., Lee, D. Hawkins, B. J., Cottingham, M., & Lee, M. (2018). Perceived fan associations with teams: Across NFL, NBA, MLB, and MLS. International Journal of Sport Management, 19(3), 289-314.

Baker, A. & Hawkins, B. J. (2016). Academic and career advancement for Black male athletes. New Directions for Adult & Continuing Education, 150. DOI: 10.1002/ace.20187, 71-82.

Nwadike, A. C., Baker, A. R., Brackebusch, V. B., & Hawkins, B. J. (2016). Institutional racism in the NCAA and the racial implications of the “2.3 or take a knee” legislation. Marquette Sports Law Review, 26 (2), 523-543.

Conley, M. A. & Hawkins, B. J. (2015). From apes and thick micks to fighting Irish: Cultural misappropriation at the university of Notre Dame. Journal of Intercollegiate Sport, 8(2), 206-226.

Wilson, M., Hawkins, B., Joyner, B. (2015). An investigation of optimism between players and coaches in NCAA men's division I golf. Journal of Sport Behavior, 38(1), 118-140.

Kirkpatrick, N., Hawkins, B. J., Hill, J. & Maxcy, J. (2014). The impact of the academic progress report (APR) on low resource or non-BCS Institutions as it relates to football and/or men’s basketball programs. Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics, 7, 263-284.

Cooper, J. N., & Hawkins, B. J. (2014). An anti-deficit perspective on Black male student athletes’ educational experiences at a historically Black college/university. Race, Ethnicity and Education. DOI: 10.1080/13613324.2014.946491.

Hawkins, B. J., Waller, S. N. (2014). Race and compensating college athletes: The backstory. Kinesiology Today, 7(3), 4, 30-31.

Cooper, J. N. & Hawkins, B. J. (2014). The transfer effect: A critical race theory examination of Black male transfer student athletes' experiences. Journal of Intercollegiate Athletics, 7, 80-104.

Gawrysiak, E. J., Cooper, J. N., & Hawkins, B. J. (2013). The impact of baseball participation on the educational experiences of Black student-athletes at Historically Black Colleges and Universities. Race, Ethnicity, and Education. DOI:10.1080/13613324.2013.792795.

Lanter, R. J. & Hawkins, B. J. (2013). The economic model of intercollegiate athletics and its effects on the college athlete educational experience. Journal of Intercollegiate Sport, 6, 86-85.

Cooper, J. N. & Hawkins, B. J. (2012). A place of opportunity: Black male student athletes' experiences at a Historically Black University. Journal of Intercollegiate Sport, 5, 170-188.

Cooper, J. N., Gawrysiak, E. J., & Hawkins, B. J. (2012). Racial Perceptions of Baseball at Historically Black Colleges and Universities. Journal of Sport and Social Issues. DOI:10.1177/0193723512455921.

Wilson, M. J., Schrager. M., Burke, K. L., Hawkins, B. J., & Gauntt, L. (2011). NCAA Division I men’s basketball coaching contracts: A comparative analysis of incentives for athletic and academic team performance. Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics, 4, 396-410.

Smith, B. P. & Hawkins, B. J. (2011). Examining student evaluations of Black college faculty: Does race matter? Journal of Negro Education, 80(2), 149-162.

Hawkins, B. J. (2010). Economic recession, college athletics, and issues of diversity and inclusion: When White America sneezes, Black America catches pneumonia. Journal of Intercollegiate Athletics, 3(1), 96-100.

Hawkins, B. J. (2007). African American women and obesity: From explanations to prevention. Journal of African American Studies, 11(2), 79-93.

Hawkins, B. J., Dudley, G. A., Ashraf, G., & Williams, R. (2007). Glucose tolerance, body stature, and intramuscular fat in African American females. Journal of African American Studies. 11(2), 117-125.

Hawkins, B.J., Tuff, R., & Dudley, G. A. (2006). African American women, body composition, and physical activity. Journal of African American Studies, 10(1), 44-56.

Hawkins, B. J. (2002). Is stacking dead? A case study of the stacking hypothesis at a Southeastern Conference (SEC) football program. International Sport Journal, 6(2), 146-159.

Hawkins, B. J. (2000). Teaching experiences of a Black sport sociologist at a predominantly White southern institution. Journal of the Research Association of Minority Professors, 4(2), 41-45.

Hawkins, B. J. (2000). A critical reading of a Promise Keepers' events: The inter-workings of race, religion, and sport. Sociology of Sport OnLine Journal, 3(1) http://www.brunel.ac.uk/depts/sps/sosol/v31a2.htm.

Hawkins, B. J. (1999). Black student athletes at predominantly White National Collegiate Athletic Associations (NCAA) Division I Institutions and the pattern of oscillating migrant laborers. Western Journal of Black Studies, 23(1), 1-9.

Hawkins, B. J. (1998). Evening basketball leagues: The use of sport to reduce African American youth criminal activity. International Sports Journal, 2(2), 68-77.

Hawkins, B. J. (1998). The White supremacy continuum of images for Black men. Journal of African American Men, 3(3), 7-19.

Hawkins, B. J. (1996). The Black student athlete: The colonized Black body. Journal of African American Men, 1(3), 23-35.

Education

B.S. in Business Administration at Webber College, 1989

M.S. in Exercise and Sport Science at University of Wisconsin-LaCrosse, 1991

Ph.D. in Health and Sport Studies at University of Iowa, 1995