Scholars have traced Twelfth Night to an Italian play, Gl'Ingannati (The Deceived One) which was first published in 1537. It is not known if Shakespeare read Italian and had actually read the play or if he had heard the plot from a secondary source. Another source may be the tale of Apolonius and Silla, which was published by Barnabe Riche in his collection of tales: Riche His Farewell to the Military Profession (1581) However, it should be noted that in both cases, the stories are not identical to Twelfth Night, they only contain elements of the story, mainly twins, mistaken identity, or cross dressing.