PPT Slide

7

The Equilibrium Nature of Phase Changes

• In a closed container under controlled conditions,  changes of state are reversible and reach equilibrium.

• Some liquid molecules are moving fast enough to  overcome attractions and leave the surface.

• In an open flask, the process continues until the  entire liquid phase is gone.

• In a closed flask, the number of molecules in the vapor  phase increases and some of the molecules in the  vapor collide with the surface.

• Eventually, the rate of  condensation equals the rate  of vaporization.

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