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Problem: Write resonance structures for the nitrate ion, NO 3– .
Solution: After Steps 1 to 4 we have:
Step 5. Change one lone pair on an O atom to a bonding pair and form a double bond, which gives each atom an octet.
All the O atoms are equivalent, so we can move a lone pair from any O atom and obtain three resonance structures:
Skill 10-2. Writing resonance structures for molecules and ions.
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