Prevention and Psychology

Psychology 7322: Issues in Community Psychology

 

Syllabus and Assigned Readings

 

Dale L. Johnson, Ph.D.

Professor

 

Assigned Reading

            Mzrazek,  P. J., &   Haggerty, R. J. (1994). Reducing risks for mental disorders. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

www.nap.edu/books/0309049393/html.

Background materials: bob.nap.edu/html/rrmd/

 

            National Mental Health Advisory Council (1998). Priorities for prevention research at NIMH: A report of the National Mental Health Advisory Council Workgroup on Mental Disorders and Prevention Research. Washington, DC: NIMH Publication No. 98-4321.

www.nimh.nih.gov/research/prev/pdf.

 

** = all read, no reports

 

            In addition to these two books, both available on-line, there will be other assigned readings associated with each topic listed below. You will be given assignments of material to read and report on. These reports will be due on the dates shown. At that time the reports will be discussed via the internet.

 

Procedure

            Students will be given an assignment for each week, depending on the richness of the prevention area. Reports are to be prepared and sent to all in the seminar. We will all comment on them. With luck WebCT will enable us to use a chat room format for this. I will also comment on each report. Reports should include the following:

            1. Type of intervention. See Mrazek and Haggerty, chapter 1.

            2. Publication type. Is it in a peer-reviewed journal?

            3. Evaluation method. Randomized group assignment?

            4. Follow-up length, methods and results.

            5. Were goals or purposes of the intervention described and were they tested?

            6. Sample composition. How formed? Drop-up rates? Ethnic diversity?

            7. Measurement. Use of multi-trait, multi-measure methods? Were results of all measures used reported? Calculate effect sizes, if not reported.

            8. What were the essential elements of the program?

            9. I will give you a key reference, but you should look for related reports on the program/project in question. Use PsycInfo and PubMed.

 

            The topics listed below and the dates are tentative. We will take whatever time we need to explore an area. This may mean omitting some topics or abbreviating them.

 

 

Week 1, ends 1/17   A distance learning meeting is scheduled for1/11/01 at 10:00am at the University Center. Room to be announced. This will be an orientation meeting.  We will review how we will proceed and the course requirements. We will discuss some basic issues involved in creating prevention programs. I will describe how the Houston Parent-Child Development Center was developed and the major results.

            Your assignment for this week is to select a daily newspaper and find all articles on prevention or risk for five days. Report and comment on these.

 

Week 2, ends 1/24  “Coming to terms with the terms of risk.”

            Kraemer, H. C., Kazdin, A. E., Offord, D. R., Kessler, R. C., Jensen, P. S. & Kupfer, D. J. (1997). Coming to terms with the terms of risk. Achives of General Psychiatry, 54, 337-343.

 

Week 3, ends 1/31   What do we mean by “prevention?”

See Mrazek and Haggerty above and read chapter 2 for definitions that are accepted generally.

 

Week 4, ends 2/7  Prevention of school failure.

            In 1969 Arthur Jensen wrote in the Harvard Educational Review that "Early compensatory education has been tried and it has failed." Was he right? Could he make that statement today?  All do search for evidence that Head Start improves school performance and report on your findings.

 

            Review

            Gomby, D. S., Larner, M. B., Stevenson, C. S., Lewitt, E. B., & Behrman, R. E. (1995). Long-term outcomes of early childhood programs: analysis and recommendatins. Future of Children, 5, 6-24. (See www.futureofchildren.org).

            Nelson, G., Westhues, A., & McLeod, J. (in press). A meta-analysis of longitudinal research on preschool intervention programs for children. Prevention and Treatment. (I will send the paper.) Also see other papers in the same journal issue.

 

            Chicago Longitudinal Study

            Reynolds, A. J., Temple, J. A., Robertson, D. L., & Mann, F. A. (2001). Long-term effects of an early childhood intervention on educational achievement and juvenile arrest: A 15-year follow-up of low-income children in public schools. JAMA, 285, 2339-2346.

            Reynolds, A. J., & Temple, J. A. (1998). Extended early childhood intervention and school achievement: age 13 findings from the Chicago Longitudinal Study. Child Development, 69, 231-246.

 

            Brookline Early Education Project

            Bronson, M. B., Pierson, D. E., & Tivnan. T. (1984). The effects of early ecducation on children's competence in elementary school. Evaluation Review, 8, 615-629.

 

            Carolina Abcedarian Project

            Campbell, F. A., & Ramey,  C. T. (1994). Effects of early intervention on intellectual and academic achievement: a follow-up study of children from low-income families. Child Development, 65, 684-698.

            Campbell, F. A., & Ramey,  C. T. (1995). Cognitive and school outcomes for high-risk African-American students at middle adolescence: Positive effects of early intervention. American Educational Research Journal, 32, 743-772.

            Ramey, C. T., & Campbell, F. A. (1987). The Carolina Abcedarian Project: An educational experiment concerning human malleability. In J. A. Gallagher & C. T. Ramey ( Eds.) The malleability of children (pp. 127-139). Baltimore: Brookes.

            Spitz, H. H. (1992). Does the Carolina Abcedarian Early Intervention Project prevent sociocultural retardation? Intelligence, 16, 225-237.

 

            Perry Preschool and High Scope Projects

            Farnsworth, M., Scweinhart, L. J., & Berrueta-Clement, J. R. (1985). Preschool intervention , school success and delinquency in a high-risk sample of youth. American Educational Research Journal, 22, 445-464.

            Weikert, D. P., & Schweinhart, L. J. (1992). High/Scope Perry Preschool Program outcomes. In J. McCord & R. E. Tremblay (Eds.) Preventing antisocial behavior: Interventions from birth through adolescence (pp. 67-86). New York: Guilford.

 

            Houston Parent-Child Development Center

            Johnson, D. L., & Walker, T. (1991).  A follow-up evaluation of the Houston Parent-Child Development Center: school performance. Journal of Early Intervention, 15, 226-236.

 

            Yale

            Abelson, W. D., Zigler, E., & DeBlasi, C. L. (1974). Effects of a four-year Follow Through program on economically disadvantaged children. Journal of Educational Psychology, 66, 756-771.

 

            Vermont Intervention Program

            Achenbach, T. M., Phares, V., Howell, C. T., Rauh, V. A., & Newcombe, B. (1990). Seven-year outcome of the Vermont Intervention Program for low-birthweight infants. Child Development, 61, 1672-1681.

 

Week 5, ends 2/114 Prevention of child behavior problems

            Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group

            Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group (1999). Initial impact of the Fast Track Prevention Trial for Conduct Problems: I. The high-risk sample. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67, 631-647.

            Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group (1999). Initial impact of the Fast Track Prevention Trial for Conduct Problems: II. Classroom effects. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67, 648-657.

 

            Strayhorn

            Strayhorn,  J. M., & Weidman, C. S. (1989). Reduction of attention deficit and internalizing symptoms in preschoolers through parent-child interaction training. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 28,  888-896.

            Strayhorn,  J. M., & Weidman, C. S. (1991). Follow-up one year after parent-child interaction training: effects on behavior of preschool children. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 30,  138-143

 

            Johns Hopkins Group

            Kellam, S. G., Rebook, G. W., Ialongo, N., & Mayer, L. S. (1994).  The course and malleability of aggressive behavior from early first grade into middle school: Results from a developmental epidemiologically-based preventive trial. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 35, 259-281.

            Dolan, L. J., Kellam, S. G., Brown, C. H., Wethamer-Larsson, L. et al. (1993). The short-term impactr of two classroom-based preventive interventions on aggression and shy behaviors and poor achievement. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 14, 317-.

 

            Olds

            Olds, D. O. et al. (1998). Long-term effects of nurse home visitation on children's criminal and antisocial behavior: 15-year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial. JAMA, 280, 1238-1244.

 

            Montreal Prevention Experiment

            Tremblay, R. E., Masse, L. C., Pagani, L., & Vitaro, F. (  ). From childhood physical aggression to adolescent malajustment: the Montreal prevention experiment.  In   R. DeV. Peters. R. J. McMahon, & R. Joseph (Eds.) Preventing childhood disorders.Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

 

            Houston Parent-Child Prevention Center

            Johnson, D.L., & Breckenridge, J.N. (1982). The Houston Parent-Child Development Center and primary prevention of behavior problems in young children. American Journal of Community Psychology, 10, 305-316.

            Johnson, D.L., & Walker, T.  (1987).  The primary prevention of behavior problems in Mexican-American children.  American Journal of Community Psychology, 15, 375-385.

 

            Oregon

            Reid, J. B., Eddy, J. M., Fetrow, R. A., & Stoolmiller, M. (1999). Description and immediate impacts of a preventive intervention for conduct problems. American Journal of Community Psychology, 27, 483-517.   

 

            Virginia

            Farrell, A. D., & Meyer, A. L. (1997). The effectiveness of a school-based curriculum for reducing violence among urban sixth-grade students. American Journal of Public Health, 87, 979-984.

 

 

Week 6, ends 2/21   Prevention of depression and anxiety

 

            Johns Hopkins

            Ialongo, N. S., Werthamer, L., & Kellam, S. G. (1999). Proximal impact of two first-grade preventive interventions on the early risk behaviors for later substance abuse, depression and antisocial behavior. American Journal of Community Psychology, 27, 599-641.

 

            Beardslee

            Beardslee, W. R., Wright, E., Rothberg,  P. C., Salt, P., & Versage,  E. (1996). Response of families to two preventive strategies: long-term differences in behavior and attitude change. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 35, 774-782.

            Beardslee, W. R., Salt, P., Versage, E. M., Gladstone, T. R. G., Wright, E. J., Rothberg, P. C. (1997). Sustained change in parents receiving preventive interventions for families with depression. American Journal of Psychiatry, 154, 510-515.

 

            Selligman

            Jaycox, L. H., Reivich, K. J., Gillham, J., & Selignman, M. E. (1994). Prevention of depressive symptoms in school children. Behavior Research and Therapy, 32, 801-816.

            Selligman, M. E.,  Schulman, P., DeRubeis, R. J., & Hollon, S. D. (1999). The prevention of depresion and anxiety. Prevention & Treatment, 2. [This is an APA on-line publication: journals.apa.org/prevention. Go to Selligman and click on "More."]

 

            Australia

            Cullen, K. J. (1976). A six-year controlled trial of a prevention of children's behavior disorders. Journal of Pediatrics, 88, 662-666.

            Cullen, K. J., & Cullen, A. M. (1996). Long-term follow-up of the Busselton six-year controlled trial of prevention of children's behavior disorders. Journal of Pediatrics, 129, 136-139.

 

            Anxiety

            Donovan, C. L., & Spence, S. H. (2000). Prevention of childhood anxiety disorders. Clinical Psychology Review, 20, 509-531.

            Dadds, M., R. et al. (1997). Prevention and early intervention for anxiety disorders: a controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65, 627-635.

            Dadds, M. R., et al. (1999). Early intervention and prevention of anxiety disorders in children: results at 2-year follow-up. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67, 145-150.

 

Week 7, ends 2/28    Prevention of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

**            Falloon, I. R. H. (1992). Early intervention for first episodes of schizophrenia: a preliminary exploration. Psychiatry, 55, 4-15.

**            Chapter 6, pp. 141-153 in Mrazek and Haggerty.

            McGlashan, T. H., & Johannessen, J. O. (1996). Early detection and intervention with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 22,  197-200. [see also other articles in the same issue.]

            Birchwood, M. (1992). Early intervention in schizophrenia: theoretical background and clinical strategies. British Journal of  Psychiatry, 31, 257-278.

            Bipolar

            No references found.

 

Week 8                     Spring Break

 

Week 9, ends 3/14 Prevention of smoking and substance abuse

            Reviews

**        Tobler, N. S., Roona, M. R., Ochshorn, P., Marshall, P. G., Steke, A. V., & Stackpole, K. M. (2000). School-based adolescent drug prevention programs: 1998 meta-analysis. Journal of Primary Prevention, 20, 275-335.

**            Dusenbury, L. (2000). Family-based drug abuse prevention programs: a review. Journal of Primary Prevention, 20, 337-352

**            Bruvold, W. H. (1993). A meta-analysis of adolescent smoking prevention programs. American Journal of Public Health, 83, 872-878.

            Rooney, B. L., & Murray, D. M. (1996). A meta-analysis of smoking prevention programs after adjustment for errors in the unity of analysis. Health Education Quarterly, 23, 1148-1164.

            Miller, S. K., & Slap, G. B. (1989). Adolescent smoking: a review of prevalence and prevention. Adolescent Medicine, 10, 129-135.

            Botvin, G. J., & Botvin, E. M. (1992). Adolescent tobacco, alcohol, and drug abuse: prevention strategies, empirical findings, and assessment issues. Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 13, 290-301.

 

Multi-Purpose Programs

            Hansen, W. B., & Graham, J. W. (1991). Preventing alcohol, marijuana, and cigarette use among adolescents. Peer pressure resistance training versus establishing conservative norms. Preventive Medicine, 20, 414-430.

 

Smoking Programs

            Telch, M. J., et al. (1982). Long-term follow-up of a pilot project on smoking prevention with adolescents. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 5, 1-7.

            Murray, D. M., et al. (1988). Four- and five-year follow-up results from four seventh-grade smoking prevention strategies. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 11, 395-405.

            Bauman, K. E. et al. (1991). The influence of three mass media campaigns on variables related to adolescent cigarette smoking: Results of a field experiment. American Journal of Public Health, 81, 597-604.

            Flynn, B. S., et al. (1994). Mass media and school interventions for cigarette smoking prevention: effects 2 years after completion. American Journal of Public Health, 84, 1148- 1150.

            Kellam, S. G., & Anthony, J. C. (1998). Targeting early antecedents to prevent tobacco smoking: findings from an epidemiologically-based randomized field trial.  American Journal of Public Health, 88, 1490-1495.

 

            Tulane

            Greenberg, R. A., Strecher, V. J., Bauman, K. E., Boat, B et al. (1994). Evaluation of a home-based intervention program to reduce infant passive smoking and lower respiratory illness. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 17, 273-290.

 

Alcohol Programs

            Project Northland

            Perry, C. L., et al. (1996). Project Northland: Outcome of a community-wide alcohol use prevention program during early adolescence. American Journal of Public Health, 83, 956-965.

            Williams, C. L., Perry, C. L. et al. (1995). A home-based prevention program for sixth-grade alcohol use: Results from Project Northland. Journal of Primary Prevention, 16, 125-147.

 

            Holder

            Holder, H. D. et al. (2000). Effect of community-based interventions of high risk drinking and alcohol-related injuries. JAMA, 284, 2341-2347.

 

Drug Programs

            Project Alert

            Ellickson, P. L., & Bell, R. M. (1990). Drug prevention in junior high: a multi-site longitudinal test. Science, 247, 1299-1305.

            Ellickson, P. L.,  Bell, R. M., & McGuigan, K. (1993). Preventing adolescent drug use: long-term results of a junior high program. American Journal of Public Health, 83, 856-861.

 

            Midwestern Prevention Project

            Pentz, M. A. et al. (1989). A multi-community trial for primary prevention of adolescent drug abuse: effects on drug abuse prevalence. JAMA, 261, 3259-3266.

            MacKinnon, D. P. et al. (1991). Mediating mechanisms in a school-based drug prevention program: First-year effects of the Midwestern Prevention Project. Health Psychology, 10, 164-172.

 

            DARE

**        Lynam, D. R. et al. (1999). Project DARE: No effects at 10-year follow-up. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67, 590-593.

 

Week 10, ends 3/21 Prevention of adolescent pregnancy

**        Nitz, K. (1999). Adolescent pregnancy prevention: a review of interventions and programs. Clinical Psychology Review, 19, 457-471.

 

            Franklin, C., Grant, D., Corcoran, J, Miller, P., & Bultman, L. (1997). Effectiveness of prevention programs for adolescent pregnancy: a meta-analysis. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 59, 551-567.

            Allen, J. P., Philliber, S., Herrling, S., Kuperminc, G. P. (1997). Preventing teen pregnancy and academic failure: Experimental evaluation of a developmentally-based approach. Child Development, 68, 729-742.

            Mitchell-DiCenso, A., et al. (1997). Evaluation of an eductional program to prevent adolescent pregnancy. Health Education and Behavior, 24, 300-312.

            Kirby, D., Korpi, M., Adivi, C.,  & Weissman, J. (1997). An impact evaluation of Project SNAPP: An AIDS and pregnancy prevention middle school program. AIDS Education and Prevention, 9, 44-61.

            Tezzi, L., et al., (1997). Pregnancy prevention among urban adolescents younger than 15: results of the "In Your Face" program. Family Planning Perspective, 29, 173-176.

            Warrick, L., Christianson, J. B., Walruff, J., & Coo`k, P. C. (1993). Educational outcomes in teenage pregnancy and parent programs: results from a demonstration. Family Planning Perspectives, 25, 148-155.

 

Week 11, ends 3/28 Prevention of HIV/AIDS

            Question for the week: Has any prevention program been able to demonstrate that the incidence of HIV/AIDS has declined? Let me know if you find that it has.

            Kelly, J. A., et al. (1997). Randomised, controlled, community-level HIV-prevention intervention for sexual-risk behaviour among homosexual men in US cities. Lancet, 350, 1500-1505.

            Ortiz-Torres, B., Serrano-Garcia, I., & Torres-Burgos, N. (2000). Subverting culture: promoting HIV/AIDS prevention among Puerto Rican and Dominican women. American Journal of Community Psychology, 28, 859-881.

            Monterroso, E. R., et al. (2000). Prevention of HIV infection in street-recruited injection drug users. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, 25, 163-170.

            Landry, D. J., Singh, S., & Darroch, J. E. (2000). Sexuality education in fifth and sixth grades in U. S. public schools, 1999. Family Planning Perspective, 32, 212-219.

 

Week 12, ends  4/4   Prevention of child abuse and family violence.

                       

**        Davis, M. K., & Gidyez, C. A. (2000). Child abuse prevention programs: a meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 29, 257-265.

**        Yeater, E. A., & O'Donohue, W. O. (1999). Sexual assault prevention programs: current issues, future directions, and the potential efficacy of interventions with women. Clinical Psychology Review, 19, 739-771.

           

            Elmira/Memphis

            Olds, D. O. et al. (1986). Preventing child abuse and neglect: a randomized trial of nurse home visiting. Pediatrics, 78, 65-78.

            Olds, D. O. et al. (1997). Long-term effects of home visitation on maternal life course and child abuse and neglect. Fifteen-year follow-up of a randomized trial. JAMA, 278, 637-743.

 

            Britner, P. A., & Repucci, N. D. (1997). Prevention of child maltreatment: Evaluation of a parent education program for teen mothers. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 6, 165-175.

 

            Barth, R. P. (1991). An experimental evaluation of in-home child abuse prevention services. Child Abuse and Neglect, 15, 363-375.

 

            Showers, J. (1992). "Don't shake the baby": the effectiveness of a prevention program. Child Abuse and Neglect, 16, 11-18.

           

 

Week 13, ends 4/11  Key elements in successful prevention programs.

**            Wandersman, A., Morrissey, E., Davino, K., Seybolt, D., Crusto, C., Nation, M., Goodman, R., & Imm, P. (1998). Comprehensive quality  programming and accountability: eight essential strategies for implementing successful prevention programs. Journal of Primary Prevention, 19, 3-30.

 

Week 14, ends 4/18  Unexpected outcomes

            Adverse effects or failure to prevent undesirable behaviors.

 

**            McCord, J. (1978). A thirty-year follow-up of treatment effects. American Psychologist, 33, 284-289.

 

Week 15, ends 4/25  Prevention policy and dissemination.

**            NMHAC report on prevention.