Multiple Choice Questions -- Geologic Time - Chapter 8

Each chapter will include a few questions designed to test your knowledge of material covered in the chapter and in the Internet-based resources. Your answers are not being recorded. Try the following.

    1. Atoms of AA decay to atoms of BB with a half-life of 100,000 years. If there are 20,000 atoms of AA to begin with (and 0 atoms of BB), how long will it take for there to be 2,500 atoms of AA?

      100,000 years
      200,000 years
      300,000 years

    2. In the past there were (more or less) atoms of radioactive Uranium?

      less
      more
      no way to tell

    3. Therefore, there was (more or less) heat produced in the crust in the past:

      more
      less
      no way to tell

    4. Which of the following represents the longest time period

      Precambrian
      Paleozoic
      Mesozoic
      Cenozoic

    5. The Paleozoic does not include the

      Ordovician
      Jurassic
      Mississippian
      Permian

    6. The _________ was an era dominated by the dinosaurs

      Precambrian
      Paleozoic
      Mesozoic
      Cenozoic

    7. The boundaries between _______ seem to coincide with major changes in the life forms present on Earth.

      Precambrian
      systems
      eras
      epochs

    8. Radiometric age is often referred to as __________ age.

      total
      absolute
      historic
      geologic

    9. The principal of original horizontality states that ________ .

      most rocks in the Earth's crust are layered horizontally
      igneous rocks form essentially horizontal layers
      metamorphic gradients are essentially horizontal before deformation
      sediments are deposited as essentially horizontal layers

    10. An undeformed sedimentary layer is __________ than the layer above and _______ than the layer below.

      younger ---younger
      younger --- older
      older --- younger
      older --- older

    11. Fossils are most common in which rock types?

      sedimentary
      igneous
      metamorphic
      all of these commonly contain fossils

    12. The study of faunal succession allows ___________ .

      matching of similarly-aged rocks from different outcrops
      absolute dating of fossil-bearing strata
      recognition of the kings of the beasts in past times
      the study of habits of extinct mammals

    13. A disconformity is ___________ .

      a rock unit that does not contain fossils
      an erosional surface between igneous and metamorphic rocks
      an erosional surface between horizontal sedimentary rocks
      an erosional surface between different rock types

    14. What is the name for an erosion surface that separates two sets of sedimentary layers with non-parallel bedding planes?

      cross-bedding
      formation
      angular unconformity
      fault

    15. Which of the following is used by geologists to determine the relative ages in a rock sequence?

      stratigraphy
      fossils
      cross-cutting relationships
      all of these

    16. Which of the following could be used to tell if a rock layer was right side up or up side down__________ .

      asymmetrical ripple marks
      symmetrical ripple marks
      faults
      all of these could be used

    17. Radiometric dating is least useful for ___________ rocks.

      granitic
      basaltic
      metamorphic
      sedimentary

    18. A rock formed with 1,000 atoms of a radioactive parent element, but only contains 250 radioactive parent atoms today. If the half-life is 1,000,000 years, how old is the rock?

      250,000 years
      500,000 years
      1,000,000 years
      2,000,000 years

    19. A Potassium-Argon (K-Ar) age measures _________ .

      the time since last cooling below the gas retention temperature - Potassium is the gas
      the time since last cooling below the gas retention temperature - Argon is the gas
      the time since the tree containing the Potassium died
      the time since crystallization of a mineral containing Potassium

    20. Which of the following radioactive isotopes is most useful for dating a very young sample (<20,000 years) of wood?

      rubidium-87
      uranium-238
      carbon-14
      potassium-40

    21. A stratigraphic sequence is a vertical set of strate

      used as a chronological record of the geologic history of a region
      that is unique to a specific area
      that represents a repeating set of evens such as recurring floods, debris flows, etc.
      bounded above and below by igneous and/or metamorphic rocks

    22. We cannot accurately measure time in years with stratigraphy for several reasons. Which of the following is false.

      sediments accumulate at different rates in different sedimentary environments
      many sedimentary rocks contain fossils that have not been identified
      the rock record does not tell us how many years have passed between periods of deposition
      stratigraphy alone cannot be used to determine the relative ages of widely separated beds

    23. Which of the following will not make a fossil?

      decomposed organic material
      plant impressions (casts)
      animal footprints
      loose animal bones

    24. The most common fossils in rocks of the last 500 million years are _______

      vertebrate bones
      vertebrate teeth
      invertebrate shells
      leaves

    25. Who is credited with developing the principle of faunal succession?

      Charles Lyell
      Charles Darwin
      William "Strata" Smith
      John C. Butler

    26. A nonconformity is _________ .

      a rock unit that is different than units above or below it
      a gap in the geologic record bounded below by metamorphic or igneous rocks and bounded above by sedimentary rocks
      a rock unit that does not contain fossils
      a sequence of rocks that does not contain any gaps in the geologic record

    27. What is the name for an erosion surface that separates two sets of sedimentary layers with non-parallel bedding planes?

      cross-bedding
      formation
      fault unconformity
      angular unconformity

    28. Which of the following units is the youngest?

      A
      B
      C
      D

    29. Which of the following units is the oldest?

      A
      B
      C
      D

    30. Which of the following happened most recently?

      deposition of unit C
      deposition of unit B
      deposition of unit F
      tilting of C,D,E, and F

    31. Which of the following statements is true?

      the granite is younger than unit B
      unit B is younger than the granite
      unit B and the granite are the same age
      the relative ages of the granite and unit B cannot be determined from the information given

    32. George Geologist finds that unit F contains eroded pieces of unit G. Which of the following statements is true?

      the granite is younger than unit B
      unit B is younger than the granite
      unit B and the granite are the same age
      the relative ages of the granite and unit B cannot be determined from the information given

    33. The horizontal line labeled X-X' is a(n) ________ .

      fault
      angular unconformity
      non conformity
      disconformity

    34. Which of the following statements is false?

      unit A was deposited after unit B was deposited
      erosion took place prior to deposition of unit B
      unit C is younger than unit A
      unit E is older than unit B

    35. Which of the following occurred most recently?

      deposition of unit A
      deposition of unit D
      emplacement of unit G (see question 39)
      cannot tell from the information given

    36. The age estimate for point A in the diagram above is ______ million years

      0.16
      1.6
      16
      160

    37. The age estimate for point B in the diagram above is ______ million years

      35
      65
      245
      570

    38. The age estimate for point C in the diagram above is ______ million years

      35
      65
      245
      570

    39. The age estimate for point D in the diagram above is ______ million years

      65
      245
      570
      2500

    40. The age estimate for point E in the diagram above is ______ million years

      570
      2500
      3000
      4500

    41. Most periods in the geologic time scale are named for _______.

      geographic localities
      fossils
      catastrophic events
      paleontologists

    42. What scientific avenue of investigation gave scientists the best estimate of the age of the Earth?

      dating fossils
      archaeological dating
      radiometric dating
      carbon dating

    43. Radiometric dating is possible if a rock contains a measurable amount of ________ .

      only parent isotopes
      only daughter isotopes
      both parent and daughter isotopes
      either parent or daughter isotopes

    44. Radiometric dating is least useful for dating _________ rocks.

      granitic
      basaltic
      sedimentary
      metamorphic

    45. Which of the following statements regarding radiometric dating is false?

      Rubidium is incorporated into minerals as they crystallize from a melt
      Argon-40 is the daughter isotope of potassium-40
      Carbon-14 is useful for dating materials up to 70,000 years old
      Sedimentary rocks can be dated more easily than igneous rocks

    46. Which of the following radioactive isotopes has the longest half-life?

      rubidium-87
      potassium-40
      carbon-14
      uranium-238

    47. Which of the following radioactive isotopes has the shortest half-life?

      rubidium-87
      potassium-40
      carbon-14
      uranium-238

    48. Uranium-238 decays to which of the following daughter isotopes?

      rubidium-87
      uranium-235
      lead-206
      nitrogen-14

    49. Which of the following isotopes is most useful for dating very young wood and charcoal?

      rubidium-87
      potassium-40
      carbon-14
      uranium-238

    50. The radon environmental hazard is associated with the radioactive decay of ______ .

      rubidium-87
      potassium-40
      carbon-14
      uranium-238

    51. Human beings evolved during which geologic era?

      Cenozoic
      Mesozoic
      Paleozoic
      Precambrian

    52. Mammals became abundant during the ________Era?

      Cenozoic
      Mesozoic
      Paleozoic
      Precambrian

    53. Large reptiles became abundant during the ________Era?

      Cenozoic
      Mesozoic
      Paleozoic
      Precambrian

    54. Land plants appeared during the ________Era?

      Cenozoic
      Mesozoic
      Paleozoic
      Precambrian

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