A dendritic stream pattern will tend to develop in __________ .

regions underlain by regularly-spaced joints or faults
regions of folded strata
along the flanks of isolated volcanoes
regions of flay-lying sedimentary rocks


Point bars are deposited _____________ .

on the inside of a meander bend
on the outside of a meander bend
at the base of a waterfall
by turbidity currents


As a river overflows its banks during flood, it drops much of its coarser-grained load immediately, forming landforms called ___________ .

deltas
alluvial fans
natural levees
point bars


A river flows into a quiet lake and begins to form a ____________ .

deltas
alluvial fans
natural levees
point bars


Which one of the following generally decreases downstream along the length of a stream?

channel width
channel depth
gradient
velocity


Which of the following statements about fluid flow is false?

as the velocity of a stream increases, laminar flow may change to turbulent flow
the viscosity of most fluids increases as temperature increases
most streams and rivers are turbulent
the more viscous the fluid, the more likely the flow is laminar


What type of flow can transport gravel and cobbles?

laminar
turbulent
both A and B
neither A nor B


Particles that roll and slide along the river bottom are called _________ .

bed load
suspended load
dissolved load
none of the above


What type of material is most likely to be transported as suspended load?

clay
silt
sand
depends on the "energy" of the stream


Suspended load includes material ___________ .

rolling along on the bottom of the stream
temporarily or permanently suspended in the flow
deposited on the bottom of the stream
rolling along the bottom and suspended in the flow


The speed at which suspended particles become part of the bed load of a stream is called the ____________ .

discharge velocity
capacity
settling velocity
competence


Running water erodes solid rock by _________ .

abrasian
chemical and physical weathering
undercutting action of currents
all of the above


At a bend in a river, _________ occurs on the outside of the bend and ________ occurs on the inside of the bend.

erosion ..... deposition
deposition ...... erosion
erosion .......erosion
deposition ..... deposition


Which of the following does not determine whether a stream is straight, braided, or meandering?

flow volume
sediment load
riverbank erodibility
length of river


The volume of water flowing past a point in a given time is called the __________.

comptence
viscosity
discharge
capacity


What is the probability of a 50-year flood occuring next year?

2%
10%
50%
cannot be determined from the information given


The shape of the longitudinal profile of all streams is __________ .

a horizontal line
a straight line sloping downstream
a concave upward curve
a concave downward curve


If sea level were to rise, the slope of the longitudinal profile of many rivers would _________ .

increase
decrease
first increase, then decrease
first decrease, then increase


If a dam is built, sediment will ________ on the upstream side of the dam and sediment will ________ on the downstream side of the dam.

accumulate ... accumulate
accumulate ... erode
erode ... accumulate
erode ... erode


Terraces are remnants of former ___________ .

floodplains
rivers
floodplain deposits
alluvial fans


What type of drainage pattern would you expect to find on a volcano?

dendritic
rectangular
radial
radical


What type of drainage pattern would you expect to find where rapid weathering along joints in bedrock controls the course of streams?

dendritic
rectangular
radial
radical


A delta is made up of sediments ____________ .

deposited at the mouth of a river
deposited on the inside of a meander loop
deposited at a mountain front
deposited on the outside of a meander loop


Which of the following processes is the most important erosional force?

streams
glaciers
wind
waves


About how much dissolved materials do rivers transport each year?

2-4 thousand tons
2-4 million tons
2-4 billion tons
2-4 trillion tons


Since humans began to actively affect their environment, how much has sediment transport by streams increased?

10%
50%
100%
200%


Which of the following flows is most likely to be turbulent?

slow flow in a shallow channel
fast flow in a shallow channel
slow flow in a deep channel
fast flow in a deep channel


Which of the following statements about fluid flow is false?

as the velocity of a stream increases, laminat flow may change to turbulent flow
the viscosity of most fluids increases as the temperature increases
most streams and rivers are turbulent
the more viscous the fluid, the more likely the flow is laminar


What type of flow can transport gravel and cobbles?

laminar
turbulent
both A and B
neither A nor B


What type of material is most likely to be transported as suspended load?

clay particles
sand particles
gravel particles
all of these are equally likely to be transported as suspended load


Which of the following statements about streams is false?

for the same discharge, laminar flows generally carry more sediment than turbulent flows
faster currents can carry larger particles than slower currents
smaller particles settle more slowly than larger particles
the base level is the lowest level to which a stream can erods


Gravel-sized particles are transported by rivers as ________.

suspended load
bed load
dissolved load
all of these


The intermittent jumping motion of sand grains along a river bottom is called ______.

saltation
rippling
suspension
meandering


During turbulen flow, smaller grains will not _________.

be picked up more frequently than large grains
jump higher than large grains
settle more quickly than large grains
travel further than large grains


Which of the following stream velocities will lead to the largest sand dunes?

low
moderate
high
very high


Potholes in river bottom bedrock are formed by _____.

the impacy of a large rock moved by a strong current which makes a "crater"
the grinding action of a pebble or cobble in a swirling eddy
cascading water from a waterfall which wears away the rock
none of the above




Of the choices show belpw, the most common youthful cross-sectional river valley profile is _____? A
B
C
D


Of the choices show below, the most common mature cross-sectional river valley profile is _____? A
B
C
D


What is the term for a curved sandbar that forms on the inside curve of a stream?

meander
point bar
dune
oxbow




In this figure the arrow is pointing to a(n) _________?

meander
point bar
natural levee
oxbow lake


Natural levees are made up of ___________.

silt and clay deposited during a flood
sand and gravel deposited during a flood
overlaping point bars
isolated point bars


Natural levees are built up by _________.

beavers
humans
floods
erosion


For a given river, which of the following floods would have the largest discharge?

a 5-year
a 20-year flood
a 100-year
one cannot be determined from the informaiton given


Which of the following statements regarding floods is true?

a 50-year flood is generally of greater magnitude than a 100-year flood
a 100-year flood has a 10% chance of occurring in any one year.
if there is a 20% probability of a flood of a certain height occurring in any one year it is called a 5-year flood
the recurrence interval of a flood of a certain height does not depend upon the width of the floodplain


What is the primary reason sediment is deposited in large cone-shaped deposits at mountain fronts?

because stream valleys widen abruptly at a mountain front
because stream valleys nattrow abruptly at a mountain front
because streat valleys get much steeptr a a mountain front
because stream valeys get less steep at a mountain front


River terraces are composed of ________ and form as a result of rapid _______

bedrock .... subsidence
bedrock ..... uplift
flood plain deposits ..... subsidence
flood plain deposits ..... uplift


If a stream breaks through a divide and captures drainage from the competing stream it is called

competitive capture
competitive erosion
stream piracy
stream capture




This pattern most closely resembles ________ drainage

dendritic
rectangular
radial
trellis


In this map view, the stream is flowing _______

from top to bottom
from bottom to top
from right to left
from left to right


A _________ drainage pattern develops where rapid weathering along joints in bedrock controls the course of streams

dendritic
rectangular
radial
trellis


How far can large rivers, such as the Amazon, maintain a current out to sea?

meters
tens of meters
hundreds of meters
many kilometers


A delta is made up of sediments _________

deposited at the mouth of a river
deposited on the inside of a meander loop
deposited at a moutain front
deposited on the outsideof a meander loop


Which of the following beds in a lake-delta consists of thin horizontal layers of mud?

topset
foreset
bottomset beds
all of these


Why is the Missippi delta so large?

because the Mississippi RIver transports a huge amount of sediment
because the tides in the GUlf of Mexico are not very strong
because waves in the Gulf of Mexico are not very strong
all of these


The east coast of North America lacks deltas because ________

waves and tides are too strong
no rivers empty out along the east coast of North AMerica
the Applachian Mountains are too erosion resistant
rivers of the east coast have currents that are too weak to carry much sediment

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