Lecture 35: The powers of the cult-hero in death


 

Focus Passages

A) Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 84-93
Ladies of dread aspect, since your seat is 85 the first in this land at which I have bent my knee, show yourselves not ungracious to Phoebus or to myself; who, when he proclaimed that doom of many woes, spoke to me of this rest after long years: on reaching my goal in a land where I should find a seat of the Awful Goddesses 90 and a shelter for xenoi, there I should profitably close my weary life, through my having fixed my abode [oikos] there, for those who received me, but ruin [atê] for those who sent me forth, who drove me away.

B) Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 1354-1396
Most kakos of men, when you had the scepter and the throne, which now your brother has in Thebes, you drove me, your own father, into exile; and by depriving me of the polis you caused me to wear this clothing at whose sight you weep, now that you have come to the same state of misery as I. 1360 The time for tears is past. I must bear this burden as long as I live, and keep you before my mind as a murderer. For it is you that have made me subject to this anguish; it is you that have thrust me out, and because of you I wander, begging my daily bread from strangers. …But you are from another and are no sons of mine. 1370 Therefore the daimôn looks upon you - not yet as he soon will look, if indeed those armies of yours are moving against Thebes. There is no way in which you can ever overthrow that polis. Before that you will fall, tainted by the pollution [miasma] of bloodshed, and so too your brother. 1375 Such curses as my heart before now sent up against you both, I now invoke to fight for me, in order that you may think it fit to revere your parents and not to treat utterly without tîmê your father, because he who begot such sons is blind. It was not my daughters here who did this. 1380 This supplication of yours, and this throne of yours, will lie in the power [kratos] of my curses, if indeed Dikê, revealed long ago, sits beside Zeus, to share his throne through sanction of primordial laws [nomoi]. But off to perdition with you, abhorred by me and unfathered! 1385 Take these curses which I call down on you, most kakos of the kakoi: may you never have power [kratos] over your native land, and may you never have a nostos to the valley of Argos; I pray that you die by a related hand, and slay him by whom you have been driven out. This is my prayer. 1390 And I call on the hateful darkness of Tartarus that your father shares, to take you into another abode [oikos]; and I call on the she-daimones of this place, and I call on Ares, who has set dreadful hatred in you both. Go with these words in your ear; 1395 go and announce to all the Cadmeans, and to your own faithful allies, that Oedipus has distributed such portions to his sons.

C) From Philostratus, Heroikos:
(Vinedresser:) Protesilaos made everything in the field grow luxuriously for me. Whenever a sheep, a beehive, or a tree became diseased, I consulted Protesilaos as a physician. Since I spend time with him and devote myself to the land, I am becoming more skilled [sophos] than I used to be, because he excels in wisdom [sophia].

Phoenician: You are fortunate indeed with such company and land, if you not only gather olives and grapes in it, but also harvest divine and pure wisdom [sophia]. I equally do an injustice to your wisdom by calling you a "vinedresser."

Vinedresser: Do call me so, and indeed you would please Protesilaos by addressing me as "farmer" and "gardener" and things like these.

Phoenician: Do you then spend time with each other here, vinedresser?

Vinedresser: Yes, right here, stranger. How did you guess?

Phoenician: Because this portion of land seems to me to be most pleasant and divine. I do not know whether anyone has ever come to life again here, but if someone had, he would live, I suppose, most pleasantly and painlessly after coming from the throng of battle. These trees are very tall, since time has reared them. This water from the springs is variously scented, and I suppose you draw it as though drinking the fragrance first from one flower and then from another. You also produce canopies by twining and fitting together the trees, as no one could weave together a crown even from an untouched meadow.

Vinedresser: Stranger, you have not yet even heard the nightingales that sing here both when evening comes and when day begins, just as they do in Attica.