The second hour exam will consist of 3-4 passages, which I will ask you to identify and then comment upon. For the identification you should be able to give the title and author of the work, as well as the speaker of the passage. In the commentary you should point out details in the passage that are relevent to this course, making connections wherever possible to larger themes and other works we have read.

Because you are now becoming well versed in Greek literature and the methods of this course, I will expect a high level of analysis on this test. Plot summary is not acceptable. Your answers should be able to reflect your familiarity with the works we have read without recourse to summary.

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Review Tips

I How to Study
II Practice Passages
III Heroes we have studied
IV Gods we have encountered
V Key Greek Terms

I How to study: 1) Reread Proclus' summary of the epic cycle, the poems of Sappho, the Ajax, and each play of the Oresteia at least once. 2) As you read, pick passages out that you think I might put on the exam, and practice taking notes on them. Relate them to other works, interpret metaphors or imagery, review key terms in the passage, and above all relate the passage to the concept of the hero as we have studied it so far. 3) Study your class notes - this is crucial! 4) Follow up on the lectures by exploring the additional resources at the bottom of each lecture page on the course web site.

II PRACTICE PASSAGES: (Please do not ask me for "the answer" to these - you should review your notes from class if you are unsure about any of the passages. There are many angles from which you could approach any of these passages.)

A) I do not think he met an ignoble death. Did he not himself by treachery bring ruin [atê] on his house? 1525 Yet, as he has suffered - worthy prize of worthy deed - for what he did to my sweet flower, shoot sprung from him... let him make no great boasts in the halls of Hades, since with death dealt him by the sword he has paid for what he first began.

B) "He is dying, Aphrodite;
luxuriant Adonis is dying.
What should we do?"

"Beat your breasts, young maidens.
And tear your garments
in grief."

C) Now Memnon, son of Eos [Dawn], who owns armor made by Hephaistos, comes to the aid of the Trojans.
Thetis tells her son about the outcome of events concerning Memnon.
When a battle occurs, Antilochos is killed by Memnon
but then Achilles kills Memnon.
At this, Eos asks from Zeus the dispensation of immortality for him [Memnon], and it is granted.

D) Well, if you will have your way, quick, let some one loose my sandals, which, slavelike, serve the treading of my foot! As I walk upon these purple vestments may I not be struck from afar by any glance of the gods' jealous eye. A terrible shame it is for one's foot to mar the resources of the house by wasting wealth and costly woven work.

III Heroes we have studied: (You can review stories about these heroes with the Encyclopedia Mythica or the Greek Mythology Link)

Memnon
Adonis
Ajax
Teucer
Telamon
Agamemnon
Clytemnestra
Aegisthus
Cassandra
Iphigeneia
Electra
Orestes
Erekhtheus

IV Divinities we have encountered:
Zeus (in his role as overseer and ultimate arbiter of Dikê)
Athena [also known as Pallas or Pallas Athena]
Apollo [also known as Loxias]
Erinyes [= Furies], later Eumenides

V Key Greek terms

pathos [look up in your glossary under paskhô]
oikos
atê
dikê
tîmê
kharis
sôtêr/sôteria

Also good to review: kleos, philos, mênis, akhos, sêma, daimôn

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